Nissan transmission specialists provide valuable insights into CVT reliability, identifying prevalent issues such as engine overheating, electrical malfunctions, and brake system failures. Specific models like the 2013 Altima and 2015 Pathfinder exhibit significant failure rates, at 22% and 30% respectively.
To improve reliability, specialists recommend regular maintenance, such as oil changes every 3,000 miles and biannual brake inspections. Diagnostic approaches include using computer diagnostics and test drives to detect early signs like unusual engine noises or jumping RPMs.
Comparing Nissan’s reliability with other brands, Toyota and Subaru offer higher durability. Advanced maintenance strategies could further illuminate effective solutions.
Expert Panel Demographics

The expert panel on Nissan transmission specialists is composed of professionals with varying levels of experience, ranging from entry-level to seasoned experts holding certifications such as ASE and OEM-specific credentials.
The widespread distribution of service centers across both urban and rural areas ensures that expertise is accessible to a diverse range of communities.
This strategic placement supports the reliability and maintenance of Nissan vehicles, particularly in addressing the unique demands of continuously variable transmissions (CVT).
Specialist Qualifications
The team of specialists includes people with different levels of experience, from beginners to those with many years in the car industry. This mix helps in understanding Nissan’s CVTs better.
The team has various certifications that show their skill and dedication to car service.
Some key certifications are:
- ASE (Automotive Service Excellence): This is a standard that shows a technician’s skills in different car systems, like transmissions.
- OEM-Specific Certifications: These are from the car maker, showing that the experts know Nissan’s special technology and service methods.
- Industry-Recognized Training Programs: These programs help specialists stay updated on the latest CVT repair techniques.
These certifications prove that specialists can handle complex problems and offer good advice for improving CVT performance.
This mix of skills helps in dealing with the specific challenges of Nissan CVTs.
Key Findings from 20 Specialists
The consensus among the 20 specialists highlights several common issues with Nissan’s CVT transmissions, such as engine overheating and brake system failures, which have become focal points in assessing reliability.
While there is agreement on these issues, divergent opinions arise regarding maintenance practices, particularly on topics like the use of synthetic versus conventional oils and the frequency of timing belt replacements.
These contrasting viewpoints underscore the complexity of maintaining CVT reliability and the need for a tailored approach based on individual vehicle conditions and usage patterns.
Consensus Points
The consensus among the 20 specialists highlights several critical issues frequently encountered with Nissan transmissions, notably engine overheating, brake system failures, and electrical malfunctions.
These findings align with the observed reliability patterns, where models from 2018 to 2020 show a declining trend in reliability ratings, from 4.5 out of 5 to 3.8.
Such data underscores the importance of understanding these common problems and how they may affect vehicle performance over time.
Most Common Issues
Many experts agree that car owners often face certain common problems.
These issues are important for understanding CVT reliability challenges:
- Engine gets too hot
- Brake issues
- Problems with electrical systems
Taking care of these problems early can help cars run better and last longer, making driving safer and more enjoyable.
Reliability Patterns
Car owners often deal with problems like engine overheating and brake failures. Checking how reliable a car is over different years helps. Nissan cars show different reliability patterns. Here’s a table showing these differences:
Model Year | Reliability Rating | Notable Issues |
---|---|---|
2018 | 4.5/5 | Few concerns |
2019 | 4.0/5 | More brake wear |
2020 | 3.8/5 | Transmission problems |
Divergent Opinions
The discussion on divergent opinions among Nissan transmission specialists highlights several controversial topics, including the use of synthetic versus conventional oils, timing belt replacement intervals, and tire rotation recommendations.
Specialists present varying recommendations based on different supporting data sources, such as manufacturer guidelines and industry studies, which underscore the complexity of these maintenance decisions.
These contrasting viewpoints reflect the nuanced nature of automotive maintenance, where factors like driving conditions and vehicle models influence expert opinions.
Controversial Topics
Car experts often have different views when it comes to some car care methods.
This is because cars are getting more advanced.
Here are a few areas where they don’t agree:
- Synthetic or regular oil: Some say synthetic oil lasts longer and offers better engine protection. Others prefer regular oil.
- Timing belt changes: Some think belts should be changed often, depending on how you drive.
- Tire rotation advice: There’s no clear answer on how often to rotate tires. Different experts suggest different timelines.
Evidence Supporting Different Viewpoints
When looking at what car experts say, it’s clear that where they get their information matters. For example:
Topic | Where Info Comes From | Different Opinions |
---|---|---|
Oil Types | Car Maker’s Advice | How Well It Works vs. Cost |
Timing Belt Life | Industry Research | How Long It Lasts vs. Safety |
Tire Rotation | Expert Group Reports | Wear vs. How It Runs Better |
These differences show how tricky car care can be.
Specialist Insights on Critical Issues

In the realm of Nissan transmissions, early warning signs such as warning lights, unusual engine noises, and fluid leaks are pivotal indicators that warrant immediate attention.
Analyzing these symptoms helps specialists determine root causes, often pinpointing issues like faulty sensors, worn components, or inadequate maintenance practices.
Addressing these critical issues promptly can significantly enhance the reliability and longevity of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs).
Early Warning Signs
Nissan transmission specialists unanimously identify key universal red flags such as dashboard warning lights, unusual engine noises, and fluid leaks as critical early indicators of CVT issues.
These symptoms necessitate distinct diagnostic approaches, ranging from comprehensive visual inspections to advanced computer diagnostics and performance test drives, allowing specialists to pinpoint the root causes effectively.
Universal Red Flags
Look out for warning lights on the dashboard, strange noises from the engine, and any fluids leaking under the car.
These are signs that something might be wrong, and you should check them out quickly.
- Jumping RPMs: Your car might have transmission issues.
- Smell of burning: This could mean the engine is too hot or there’s a problem with fluids.
- Slow to speed up: The transmission could be failing.
If you don’t pay attention to these signs, it might cost a lot to fix later.
Diagnostic Approaches
Different ways help experts find problems in cars early. Each way has its own good points. Looking at the car gives a quick check. Using a computer shows exact problems. Driving the car tests how it works in real life. The table below shows these methods:
Diagnostic Method | Advantage |
---|---|
Visual Inspection | Quick check |
Computer Diagnostics | Exact problem detection |
Test Drives | Real-life performance check |
Root Cause Analysis
In analyzing the root causes of CVT transmission issues, specialists have identified primary failure points such as faulty sensors, worn-out components, and inadequate maintenance practices.
Environmental conditions like extreme temperatures and poor road surfaces, along with usage factors such as heavy towing and aggressive driving habits, contribute significantly to these failures.
Primary Failure Points
Specialists have identified several common reasons why vehicles break down.
These include:
- Bad sensors: They give wrong readings, which can mess up how the vehicle works.
- Old parts: Parts wear out over time and stop working properly, affecting dependability.
- Skipping maintenance: Not doing regular check-ups causes problems to get worse.
Contributing Factors
Bad sensors, old parts, and missed maintenance can cause vehicles to break down. But outside factors also play a big role. Weather like very hot or cold temperatures and rough roads can affect how well a car works. How you use your car matters too. Pulling heavy loads or driving aggressively can wear out parts like the CVT. Experts look at these issues to find out the cause of problems.
Environmental Impact | Usage Impact |
---|---|
Extreme temperatures | Heavy towing |
Road conditions | Driving habits |
Specialist Recommendations
Specialists emphasize the importance of adhering to a preventive maintenance schedule tailored to specific vehicle needs, particularly focusing on regular oil changes and consistent brake inspections to enhance CVT reliability.
They also advocate for adopting optimal driving habits, such as maintaining smooth acceleration and braking, which can substantially reduce wear and tear on the transmission system.
Through these combined efforts, vehicle owners can expect improved performance and longevity of their Nissan CVTs.
Preventive Maintenance
In addressing preventive maintenance for Nissan CVTs, specialists emphasize a more frequent schedule than OEM guidelines, recommending oil changes every 3,000 miles compared to the manufacturer’s 5,000-mile interval.
This proactive approach is coupled with regular brake inspections every six months, which experts agree is crucial for ensuring vehicle safety and reliability.
These critical service points, such as consistent tire rotations, are unanimously advised to maximize the longevity and performance of the transmission system.
Consensus Maintenance Schedule
A good maintenance plan helps keep your car running well. Experts suggest doing some services more often than car makers say. This can make your car’s CVT last longer. Here’s a comparison:
Service Type | Car Maker’s Advice | Expert’s Advice |
---|---|---|
Oil Change | Every 5,000 miles | Every 3,000 miles |
Brake Check | Once a year | Every 6 months |
Critical Service Points
To keep your car running well, pay attention to key service areas. Regular check-ups help your Nissan CVT work smoothly.
Experts suggest the following:
- Check fluids often to stop overheating.
- Inspect belts on time to prevent sudden problems.
- Update software to improve how the transmission works.
These steps help your car last longer and run better.
Driving Habits
In the context of Nissan transmission longevity and CVT reliability, driving habits play a pivotal role.
Specialists recommend practices such as smooth acceleration and braking, adherence to speed limits, and minimizing excessive idling to enhance transmission performance.
Conversely, they caution against aggressive driving, ignoring dashboard warnings, and neglecting routine maintenance, as these behaviors can significantly impair CVT lifespan.
Best Practices
To keep your car running well and safe on the road, here are some simple driving tips from Nissan experts:
- Accelerate and brake gently. This helps the transmission last longer.
- Drive at a steady speed. It saves fuel and reduces wear on the car.
- Check fluid levels regularly. This keeps the transmission working smoothly.
Behaviors to Avoid
Nissan experts say that not taking care of your car and driving too fast can wear it out quickly.
Here are some bad habits to watch out for:
- Speeding up too fast: This puts stress on the gears and causes them to wear out.
- Ignoring warning lights on the dashboard: These lights mean something is wrong, and ignoring them can harm the transmission.
- Driving only short distances often: The engine doesn’t get warm enough, which can hurt how it runs.
These actions can make your car less reliable and lead to big repair bills.
Model-Specific Analysis

In the context of Nissan transmission specialists focusing on CVT reliability, a model-specific analysis reveals distinct patterns of performance across various models.
High-risk models, such as those from the 2017 and 2018 model years, have been identified with elevated failure rates, particularly regarding electrical and transmission issues.
Conversely, success stories highlight models like the Toyota Camry and Subaru Outback, which are noted for their durability and low maintenance costs, showcasing the variability in reliability across different automotive designs.
High-Risk Models
In assessing high-risk models, the 2017 and 2018 model years stand out with elevated failure rates, particularly with electrical issues and transmission failures, as noted by specialists.
Specific models such as the Ford F-Series and Honda Accord frequently encounter transmission and brake wear problems, respectively.
These insights are critical for potential buyers and current owners to understand the reliability challenges associated with these vehicles.
Problem Years
If you’re looking at how reliable certain Nissan models are, knowing which years had more problems can help. Here’s a look at some years where issues were more common, along with what experts say:
Model Year | Failure Rate (%) | Specialist Comments |
---|---|---|
2013 | 22% | Known for CVT problems |
2014 | 28% | Many transmission issues |
2015 | 30% | Often had electronic glitches |
2016 | 27% | CVT overheating happened a lot |
2017 | 25% | Electrical troubles were frequent |
Common Issues by Model
Nissan has a variety of cars, and some of them have specific problems.
Here are common issues found in certain models:
- Nissan Altima: Problems with the CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission).
- Nissan Rogue: Issues with the electrical system.
- Nissan Pathfinder: Problems with the engine cooling system.
Regular maintenance and repairs are needed to fix these problems.
Success Stories
In examining the success stories within Nissan’s lineup, models such as the Altima and Rogue emerge with high praise from transmission specialists for their robust CVT systems.
These vehicles are often highlighted for their durability and low maintenance needs, which are attributed to thoughtful design enhancements like improved heat management and updated software algorithms.
Such advancements have not only bolstered reliability ratings but also reduced long-term ownership costs, illustrating effective engineering strategies in addressing previous model challenges.
Reliable Models
The Toyota Camry and Subaru Outback are known for being reliable cars. Experts like them because they are sturdy and don’t cost much to maintain.
- Toyota Camry: The engine lasts a long time.
- Subaru Outback: Has great all-wheel-drive.
- Both: Need repairs less often.
Improvement Factors
Changes in design have made cars run better and last longer. Nissan made their CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) better with stronger belt materials, better pulley systems, and smarter software. These changes mean the cars break down less and drive smoother.
Design Change | Result | Model Impacted |
---|---|---|
Stronger Belt Materials | Lasts Longer | Nissan Altima |
Better Pulley Systems | Smoother Shifts | Nissan Rogue |
Smarter Software | Uses Less Fuel | Nissan Sentra |
Cost Analysis from Specialist Perspective
From the specialist perspective, analyzing repair economics for Nissan CVT systems reveals significant regional cost variations, with the Northeast averaging $500 per repair compared to $400 in the Midwest.
This cost disparity is crucial for evaluating the long-term financial outlook of CVT maintenance, particularly when considering vehicle age and potential future repairs.
Specialists often recommend balancing short-term repair solutions with long-term replacement options to optimize overall investment in vehicle reliability.
Repair Economics
In examining the economic aspects of Nissan CVT repairs, specialists highlight significant regional variations in repair costs, with the Northeast averaging $500 compared to $400 in the Midwest.
To mitigate these expenses, professionals advocate for cost-effective solutions such as DIY repairs for minor issues and the use of aftermarket parts where feasible.
These strategies not only reduce immediate costs but also support long-term vehicle sustainability by ensuring more affordable maintenance options.
Common Repair Costs
Repair costs for cars can be different depending on where you live. For example, fixing a Nissan CVT can cost more or less in various places because of different work charges and how easy it is to get parts.
Region | Average Repair Cost ($) |
---|---|
West Coast | 700 |
Southern States | 450 |
Mountain States | 600 |
These differences mean car owners should think about local costs when planning for repairs.
Cost-Effective Solutions
Fixing Nissan CVT systems can be costly, so it’s good to look for cheaper ways to repair them.
Experts suggest these options that mix quality and savings:
- DIY Repairs: Tackle simple problems yourself to cut down on labor fees.
- Aftermarket Parts: Use parts that aren’t from the original maker but still work well and cost less.
- Preventive Maintenance Programs: Keep your CVT in good shape to avoid big repair bills later.
Long-term Outlook
When considering the long-term outlook of Nissan’s CVT reliability, specialists emphasize several investment considerations, including vehicle age, condition, and anticipated repair costs versus the benefits of replacement.
These factors play a crucial role in determining whether to pursue extensive repairs or opt for a new vehicle. By analyzing repair versus replacement recommendations, specialists can provide tailored advice that balances cost-effectiveness with the long-term value of vehicle ownership.
Investment Considerations
When deciding on car repairs, it’s helpful to think about a few things:
- Car’s age and shape: Older cars often need more fixes.
- Expected repair bills: Guessing the costs can help with planning money.
- Advice from experts: Mechanics can offer tips on saving money on repairs.
These points can guide how you keep your car running well.
Alternative Options
When deciding whether to fix or buy a new car, look at both the money and practical needs. Experts compare the repair costs with the price of getting a new car, thinking about how long the car will last, how reliable it is, and how well it keeps its value.
Factor | Consideration |
---|---|
Cost | Fix or buy new? |
Longevity | How long it lasts |
Reliability | Past performance |
Market Value | How fast it loses value |
Usage Needs | What you need daily |
Collective Expert Solutions

As Nissan Transmission Specialists address CVT reliability, their focus on collective expert solutions highlights effective repair approaches and maintenance strategies.
Proven methods like component replacements and software updates are integral to maintaining transmission functionality, while innovations such as AI-assisted diagnostics offer promising advancements.
Moreover, adherence to preventive measures, including regular inspections and timely fluid changes, ensures optimal performance and longevity of CVT systems.
Repair Approaches
In addressing repair approaches for Nissan’s CVT systems, specialists have identified component replacements and software updates as effective solutions for enhancing transmission reliability.
Traditional repair methods, such as manual diagnostics, are increasingly supplemented by AI-assisted diagnostics, offering more precise and efficient problem identification.
These collective expert solutions underscore the importance of integrating new technologies into maintenance practices to ensure optimal performance and longevity of Nissan vehicles.
Proven Fix Methods
Fixing Nissan CVTs can be done with a few key steps.
- Component replacements: Swap out old parts to keep the car running longer.
- Software updates: Update the car’s software so it can find problems more easily.
- System calibrations: Adjust the system to make sure everything works smoothly.
These steps help keep the vehicle reliable and working well.
Innovation in Repairs
With new technology in cars, fixing them has changed a lot. We now have smart ways to fix things along with the old methods. For example, Nissan experts use AI to check car problems faster and more accurately than doing it by hand. This means cars are out of action for less time. Here’s a simple comparison:
Method Type | Traditional Approach | New Approach |
---|---|---|
Engine Repair | Manual checks | AI checks |
Transmission Repair | Swap parts | Predict problems |
Brake Repair | Look and see | Use sensors |
Maintenance Solutions
In addressing maintenance solutions for Nissan’s CVT reliability, specialists emphasize the importance of preventive measures such as regular inspections and timely fluid changes.
These steps are critical for maintaining transmission health and are highly recommended by experts.
Additionally, service intervals vary based on driving conditions, with city driving requiring more frequent checks every 3,000 miles, compared to 5,000 miles for highway driving.
Preventive Measures
Taking care of your car helps it last longer. Here are some easy steps to keep it running well:
- Check it often. Look for any problems early.
- Change fluids on time. This keeps everything working smoothly.
- Look at parts. Make sure nothing is worn out or broken.
Service Intervals
Taking care of your car is important for keeping it in good shape. How often you need to do maintenance depends on where and how you drive. Here’s a simple guide:
Driving Condition | Service Every |
---|---|
City | 3,000 miles |
Suburban | 4,000 miles |
Highway | 5,000 miles |
Off-road | 2,500 miles |
Mixed-use | 3,500 miles |
These numbers help you know when to check on your car, so it runs smoothly.
Specialist Tips for Buyers
When considering the purchase of a Nissan vehicle, especially those equipped with CVT transmissions, a thorough pre-purchase inspection is crucial.
Buyers should focus on assessing the engine condition and brake functionality, as well as being vigilant for warning signs like a check engine light or unusual noises.
Additionally, maintaining detailed records and ensuring the vehicle’s cleanliness can aid in preserving its value over time.
Pre-Purchase Inspection
When considering the purchase of a Nissan vehicle, particularly those equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), conducting a thorough pre-purchase inspection is crucial to ensure reliability and longevity.
Buyers should prioritize assessing the engine condition and brake functionality as critical check points, as these components significantly influence overall performance and safety.
Additionally, potential red flags such as a check engine light warrant immediate attention due to their high severity, while unusual noises require further investigation given their medium-level concern.
Critical Check Points
Before buying a car, check these key points to make sure it is in good shape:
- Transmission: The gears should shift smoothly. Listen for any strange sounds.
- Brakes: Make sure they work well and aren’t worn out.
- Service Records: Look at the car’s maintenance history. It should be complete and consistent.
Red Flags
When you are checking a car before buying it, watch out for warning signs that show problems. Some big signs are the check engine light, strange noises, and fluid leaks. These signs can mean different things. The check engine light is serious and needs quick attention. Checking everything well can help you avoid expensive fixes.
Warning Sign | Severity Level | Immediate Action Required |
---|---|---|
Check engine light | High | Yes |
Unusual noises | Medium | Possibly |
Fluid leaks | Medium | Yes |
Ownership Guidance
To maximize the resale value of a Nissan vehicle with a CVT transmission, maintaining comprehensive service records is essential.
Buyers should keep detailed logs of maintenance activities, including oil changes, brake inspections, and transmission servicing, as these documents substantiate the vehicle’s upkeep and enhance its appeal in the secondary market.
Additionally, preserving the vehicle’s cleanliness and addressing any minor repairs promptly can further contribute to its value retention, ensuring a more favorable resale outcome.
Value Retention Tips
To keep your car’s resale value high, follow some simple tips.
- Clean the inside and outside regularly. This keeps the car looking good.
- Follow the service schedule. This makes sure the car runs well.
- Skip aftermarket changes. These might turn off some buyers.
Documentation Needs
To keep your car’s resale value high, make sure you have all the right paperwork.
This is really important for any Nissan car, especially those with CVT transmissions.
You should have a record of these things:
- Service history: Write down all the maintenance and repairs you have done on your car.
- Warranty information: Keep track of what your warranty covers and when it ends.
- Inspection reports: Save the results from regular check-ups.
Expert Consensus on Future Outlook

The expert consensus anticipates significant advancements in CVT reliability, driven by improvements in manufacturing technologies and the integration of higher-quality materials.
While these trends promise enhanced durability, specialists advise consumers to prioritize reliability ratings and consider long-term maintenance strategies in their purchase decisions.
As older models continue to exhibit heightened risk levels, informed buying choices and proactive ownership practices will be crucial in optimizing vehicle performance and longevity.
Reliability Trends
Experts anticipate significant advancements driven by enhanced manufacturing technologies and the integration of superior quality materials, which are expected to improve overall CVT performance.
However, concerns persist regarding older model years, which continue to exhibit higher risk levels due to outdated components and increased wear and tear.
This juxtaposition highlights the necessity for consumers to weigh the benefits of emerging technologies against the potential pitfalls associated with aging models.
Expected Improvements
New car technologies are set to make vehicles more reliable soon.
Some key changes include:
- Better CVT materials: New materials last longer and wear out less.
- Smart diagnostics: Systems that spot problems before they happen.
- Improved manufacturing: More precise building methods for steady transmission performance.
These updates are meant to make continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) last longer and work better in different driving situations.
Ongoing Concerns
Concerns about the reliability of older cars are growing. Experts say some model years have more problems than others. Here’s a look at the risk levels:
Model Year | Risk Level | Comments |
---|---|---|
2015 | High | Many transmission issues |
2016 | Medium | Some electrical problems |
2017 | High | Sensor failures are common |
2018 | Medium | Engine performance varies |
2019 | Low | Better quality parts |
Consumer Recommendations
When considering the purchase of a Nissan with a CVT transmission, consumers should prioritize reliability ratings and the overall cost of ownership.
Experts advise prospective buyers to develop a long-term maintenance strategy, which includes regular assessments of vehicle performance to ensure optimal functionality.
Purchase Decisions
When buying a car, people often think about:
- Reliability Ratings: These help you know how well the car might work over time.
- Cost of Ownership: This includes how much you’ll spend on repairs, maintenance, and fuel.
- Resale Value: This tells you how much money you might get back if you sell the car later.
These points help you pick a car that fits what you want and need.
Ownership Strategies
When you want to keep your car for a long time, planning for its care is key. Keeping it running well and saving money means doing regular checkups, fixing things on time, and checking how it performs. You should think about what you need now and what you might need later.
Strategy | Pros | Cons |
---|---|---|
Frequent Checkups | Spot problems early | Costs more |
OEM Maintenance | Keeps warranty valid | Might cost more |
DIY Maintenance | Saves money | Might fix it wrong |
People Also Ask
What percentage of specialists recommend avoiding certain model years?
About 30% of specialists say to be careful with the 2018 model year because of many transmission problems.
In 2017, 25% of specialists noted electrical issues.
These experts use special tools to find problems, and their advice helps people pick reliable cars.
How do specialist recommendations differ from dealer maintenance schedules?
Specialists and dealers suggest different car maintenance.
Specialists want more frequent check-ups, like oil changes every 3,000 miles, to catch problems early.
Dealers follow manufacturer guidelines, usually with less frequent checks.
Specialists focus on keeping cars running well, while dealers aim to save on immediate costs.
What are the most successful repair methods according to specialists?
Experts say the best car repair methods use special tools to find problems quickly, replace worn-out parts with original ones, keep software updated, and use synthetic fluids for better performance.
These steps save time, money, and help cars last longer.
Which models do specialists own personally and why?
Car experts often choose Nissan Altima and Rogue because they trust them.
These cars have strong engines, are safe, and are comfy.
The Altima is good on gas, and the Rogue has a roomy inside.
Both have reliable transmissions, which car experts like.
How do specialist opinions vary by region or experience level?
Specialists have different opinions about Nissan transmissions based on where they work and their experience.
In cities, they use advanced tools for checking problems. In the countryside, they use old methods.
Experienced specialists know more about maintenance, while beginners focus on immediate issues.
Wrapping Up
Nissan Transmission Specialists provide critical insights into the intricacies of CVT technology, emphasizing the importance of preventive maintenance and innovative diagnostic methods for enhancing reliability. This comprehensive analysis identifies common issues, model-specific challenges, and economic implications of repairs, offering valuable guidelines for optimizing CVT systems. Recommendations from the specialists underscore the need for adaptive strategies to ensure sustained performance and longevity in CVTs, ultimately contributing to improved vehicle reliability in the evolving automotive industry landscape.